Naringenin and naringin (naringin) differ in several ways, as follows:
1. Chemical structure
Naringenin: It is an odorless, white to yellowish colored flavanone, which belongs to flavonoids. It has the skeletal structure of a flavanone with three hydroxyl groups at the 4′, 5 and 7 carbon atoms. Naringin can exist as a monomer, but also in the form of glycosides.
Naringin (naringenin): is a dihydroflavonoid, belonging to a kind of flavonoid glycoside. Its molecular structure consists of naringenin (the core flavonoid structure) and a glucose molecule linked by a glycosidic bond. Specifically, the glucose molecule forms a glycosidic bond with the 3-position (C3) of naringenin through an oxygen atom.
2. Physical Properties
Naringin: soluble in ethanol, ether and benzene, almost insoluble in water.
Naringin: soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetic acid, dilute alkali solution and hot water, solubility in water at room temperature is 0.1%, 75 ℃ up to 10%, insoluble in petroleum ether, ether, benzene and chloroform and other non-polar solvents. Pure naringin in the content of water of crystallization and its melting point due to crystallization and drying methods, water as a solvent for crystallization naringin molecules containing 6-8 water of crystallization, melting point of 83 ° C; and at 110 ° C after drying to a constant weight of naringin molecules containing 2 water of crystallization, its melting point to 171 ° C.
3. Pharmacological effects
naringenin: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, scavenging free radicals, antioxidant, cough expectorant, hypolipidemic, anticancer and antitumor, antispasmodic and choleretic, prevention and treatment of liver disease, inhibition of platelet coagulation, anti-atherosclerosis and other pharmacological effects.
Naringin: the same anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, anti-ulcer, analgesic, hypotensive activity, can lower blood cholesterol, reduce the formation of blood clots, improve the local microcirculation and nutrient supply, can be used in the production of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, naringenin can also promote the growth of animal bones and enhance the metabolism of fat and ethanol.
Fourth, bioavailability
Naringin: soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water, poor bioavailability, so it limits its application in the clinic.
Naringenin: a poorly absorbed drug, its absorption is related to the presence or absence of sugar groups.